طراحی هواپیما و موشک

معرفی انواع پرنده ها

در این مطلب قصد داریم انواع و اسامی پرنده های مختلف را معرفی کنیم. واژگان و اصطلاحات متعددی برای انواع پرندگانی که بشر ساخته است وجود دارد که شاید با همه آنها آشنا نباشیم. در لیست زیر این واژه ها به همراه توضیحات آورده شده است:

 

airships (dirigibles)
nonrigid (blimp): a lighter-than-air craft having a gas bag, envelope, or skin that is not supported by any framework or reinforced by stiffening. Its shape is maintained by the internal pressure of the gas with which it is filled. semirigid (sometimes blimp): a dirigible having its main envelope reinforced by a keel but not having a completely rigid framework. rigid: a dirigible having several gas bags or cells enclosed in an envelope supported by an interior rigid framework structure.

amphibian
an airplane designed to rise from and alight on either water or land

autogyro
a rotary-wing aerodyne whose rotor is turned throughout its flight by air forces resulting from the motion of the craft through the air

balloon
a bag, usually spherical, made of silk or other light, tough, nonporous material filled with some gas which is lighter-than-air. It is an aerostat without a propelling system.

biplane
an airplane having two wings or supporting surfaces, one located above the other

flying boat
type of airplane in which the fuselage (hull) is especially designed to provide flotation on water

glider
an engineless airplane flown by being manipulated into air currents that keep it aloft

helicopter
a type of rotary-wing aerodyne whose lift and forward thrust are derived from airfoils mechanically rotated about an approximately vertical axis

kite
a light frame, usually of wood, covered with paper or cloth and designed to be flown in the wind at the end of a string

lifting body
an aerodyne which derives most or all of its lift in flight from the shape of its fuselage, the wings being essentially nonexistent

monoplane
an airplane having but one wing or supporting surface

ornithopter
a type of aircraft achieving its chief support and propulsion from the bird-like flapping of its wings

parachute
cloth device, consisting of a canopy and suspension lines, which basically produces a drag force to retard the descent of a falling body

paraglider
a flexible-winged, kite-like vehicle designed for use in a recovery system for launch vehicles

pusher airplane
an airplane with the propeller or propellers aft of the main supporting surfaces

rotary-wing aircraft
a type of aerodyne which is supported in the air wholly or in part by wings or blades rotating about a substantially vertical axis

tailless airplane
an airplane in which the devices used to obtain stability and control are incorporated in the wing

tractor airplane
an airplane with the propeller or propellers forward of the main supporting surfaces

STOL
short take-off and landing airplane

VTOL
vertical take-off and landing airplane

V/STOL
an airplane which has both STOL and VTOL capabilities

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